Aboriginal Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Aboriginal Children - Essay Example This was characterized as the period of dispossession, physical ill treatment, social disruption, population decline, economic exploitation, codified discrimination and cultural devastation. (Gardiner- Garden, 1999). During the dispossession a law was implemented to remove the Aboriginal children (especially girls with light skins) from their parents. The removal was done to segregate the full bloods from the half castes. The children who were removed from their parents were given a cheap source of labour and facilitate the christianing of the indigenous population. The removal of a child from its parent is a violation of human right. Although the purpose of the European and the government is to give a better life for the children still it is not right to forcibly remove child from the custody of its aboriginal parents.The children which are forced to separate with their parents where taught with lies. They were being taught their culture are without value, their language are prohibi ted, they suffered physical harsh living conditions and experienced multiple institutional and/or foster placements. They think they were unwanted, rejected or that their parents were dead. Based on the reports, one in ten boys and just over one in ten girls allege they were sexually abused in children's institutions-and more abuse in foster placements. The effects and the trauma of the children will be brought to their next children and to their children's children. Reconciliation In January 1991 Robert Tickner, Minister for Aboriginal Affairs, submitted a discussion paper entitled Aboriginal Reconciliation. The paper proposed the formation by legislation of a Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation to facilitate a process of reconciliation between Australia's indigenous and wider communities. In 1991 the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation Bill 1991 was passed. Patrick Dodson chaired the council and was formally concluded in January 2001. The council's task is to consult widely to determine whether the process would be advanced by a formal document of reconciliation and if so a recommendation on the nature of such document will be forwarded. The diversity in contemporary Australian Aboriginal children is seen during the time of the 19th century wherein the light colored child where remove from its group to become slaves, work or have a better future to their foster parent. The black aboriginal child has its right to stay with their parent. The differences in their color during the time of dispossession play an important role in the aboriginal. It's a form of racism during their time. The main factors that contribute to the development of the identity of the Australian aboriginal are the increasing number of maltreatment, health problem and lack of education to most of the aboriginal. The children which are separated to their parent may have the opportunity to study but is also abuse and maltreated because of their origin. Health problem increases because of misinformation. Proper education is not given to them because of their location and culture. But due to its modern studies and updated information to the government the aboriginal where given proper attention to be able to developed their culture without destroying their beliefs. Task 2 There are several Australian child care centre strategies and resources that promote policies for the development of the aboriginal children. The policy that promotes positive attitudes towards Australian Aboriginal culture is the inclusion policy. This policy includes the inclusion of the aboriginal from the economic growth, citizenship and social capital. The aboriginal is now has the right to represent their group in any way. This policy

High Stakes Testing Essay Example for Free

High Stakes Testing Essay Tests are a very important tool for measuring achievement; therefore, they should be part of a system which provides equitable learning access to all students. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2002 (NCLB) which requires states to develop accountability systems and provide assessment of the students’ performance in order to receive federal funding accordingly has led to the necessity of implementing large-scale testing. The goal of using these types of tests can be considered praiseworthy if the tests are designed in such a way that all students are tested on a curriculum they have had a fair opportunity to learn (especially racial and ethnic minority students or students with a disability or limited English proficiency) the tests are scored properly, taking into account that the test scores of those students with limited English skills should be interpreted in accordance with those limitations the tests are used appropriately. For example, a test that has been validated only for diagnosing strengths and weaknesses of individual students should not be used to evaluate the educational quality of a school. The public schools of North Carolina, for example, carry a very high-stakes accountability program known as The New ABCs of Public Education. which has had a major impact on curriculum, instruction, assessment, and school personnel throughout the state. The program requires: End-of-Grade Tests (3-8 and 10), End-of-Course Tests (on Algebra I, Algebra II, Biology, Chemistry, Civics Economics, English I, Geometry, Physical Science, Physics, U. S. History, NCCLAS ), Tests of Computer Skills, Competency Tests, Writing Assessments Grades 4, 7, and 10, IDEAÂ ® English Language Proficiency Tests. Each North Carolina school, as well as any school in any other state has to give itself an annual report card, with assessment results broken down by poverty, race, ethnicity, High Stakes Testing 2 disability, and English-language proficiency. In this way, the race for more and better information about school performance sets off. More attention should be paid to the quality of data educational authorities receive as it is a fact that there are schools which are painting a picture prettier than reality, thus misleading authorities, taxpayers and what is even worse, keeping students trapped in low quality institutions. Under NCLB, if schools fail to make adequate yearly progress on state tests for three consecutive years, students can use federal funds to transfer to higher-performing public or private schools, or to obtain supplemental education services from providers of their choice but this could not be possible if the low-quality institutions they attend remain invisible under misleading reports of pretended excellence. In many districts, raising test scores are the most important indicators of school improvement so teachers feel the pressure to ensure that test scores go up. Knowing that schools that fail for four to five consecutive years may face state takeovers, have their staffs replaced, or be bid out to private management some teachers narrow the curriculum and teach only what is covered on the test. There are many issues that should be taken into account when it comes to evaluating high stake assessment. One of them is the reliability of high stake tests which is definitely at risk when large subject domains (mathematics, language arts) are measured with relatively few questions and a narrow focus on skills and knowledge. Major decisions like getting a diploma or being promoted to the next grade require a balance of information including in-class performance, interviews, observation, projects, and class work. Perhaps the most important critical claim is that standardized tests do not measure critical thinking, problem solving, creativity, and other similar important aspects of intelligence. Students who are perfectly intelligent can perform poorly in high-stakes testing, and this can have serious consequences for the student as well as his or her school. High Stakes Testing 3 In my opinion, the first of the three most important issues in high stakes testing is the type of test used. Large-scale high-stakes testing programs are primarily focused on serving the goals of norming and selection rather than student mastery of content and problem-solving (Pellegrino, Chudowsky, Glaser, 2001). These two types of testing are almost impossible to reconcile. A second issue of great importance is assessment of learning versus assessment for learning (Stiggins, 2002) There is a distinction between high-stakes testing (assessment of learning) and the formative assessment techniques that teachers may use throughout the year to foster learning (assessment for learning). In the case of the former, the goal of the test is to measure what students know or can do. In the case of the latter, the goal of the test is to provide information that will improve student learning. The third most important issue is, in my opinion, the test / curriculum adjustment. Appropriate assessments measure the objectives set out at the classroom level and at the same time reflect curriculum (or content) that has been selected to reach the specified objectives. To sum up, any decision about a students continued education, such as retention, tracking, or graduation, should not be based only on the results of a single test, but should include other relevant and valid information. The classroom is the realm of the teacher. State tests do not tell teachers how to teach, they suggest what should be taught, so there is no reason why students cannot learn how to think critically, solve problems or develop their creativity. State tests are taken at the end of the year or course, so teachers have the opportunity to diagnose their students’ needs and work on their improvement so that by the time they sit for the tests they can feel confident and succeed as expected. It is only fair to use test results in high-stakes decisions when students have had a real opportunity to master the materials upon which the test is based and this cannot be achieved without an active and professional teacher.

Riding the Red Essay examples -- Literary Analysis, Nalo Hopkinson

â€Å"I've told her and I've told her: daughter, you have to teach that child the facts of life before it's too late† (Hopkinson 1). These are the first three lines of Nalo Hopkinson's short story â€Å"Riding the Red†, a modern adaptation of Charles Perrault's â€Å"Little Red Riding Hood†. In his fairy tale Perrault prevents girls from men's nature. In Hopkinson's adaptation, the goal remains the same: through the grandmother biographic narration, the author elaborates a slightly revisited plot without altering the moral: young girls should beware of men; especially when they seem innocent. This modern fairy tale contains diverse characters but none of them are as important as the grandmother. In fact, through her narration the reader gets the basic information concerning the familial context. The story revolves around a grandmother, a mother and a granddaughter, which thus sets the point of view of the story, the grandmother is the narrator therefore the reader gets her perception. Besides the domestic context, the lack of other contextual clues, such as the time or the location of the story, gives room to her story and her final purpose: teaching and, at the same time, protecting her grand-daughter from risks represented by men here symbolized by a wolf. The way this unnamed grandmother reveals her life exemplifies two properties of fairy tale as mentioned by Marina Warner in â€Å"The Old Wives' Tale†: â€Å"Fairy tales exchange knowledge [using morals] between an older [most of the time feminine] voice of experience and a younger audience† (314). As s uggested in the text, fairy tales are a way to teach insights of life through simple stories directed to, most of the time, younger generations. Most of the time because fairy tales' moral work on dif... ...nt approach as â€Å"fairy tale was property and could be taken by its owner and read by its owner at his or her leisure for escape, consolation, or inspiration.† (Zipes 1999, 338). Hopkinson uses the narrator to spread a moral similar to Perrault's three hundreds year ago. Girls, especially when young and inexperienced, need to be careful when encountering nice and charming men due to its risk to ends in a completely undesirable situation. This is when the grandmother intervenes, she tries to complete her granddaughter's education by notifying her on that special affair and which will provides her advices to avoid the same experience. Indeed, fairy tale has an educational mission in addition of its entertainment. Hopkinson provides a moral to the reader through a modern and revisited tale, maybe more adapted to nowadays reader but without weakening its quintessence.

Augustus :: essays research papers

A copy below of the deeds of the divine Augustus, by which he subjected the whole wide earth to the rule of the Roman people, and of the money which he spent for the state and Roman people, inscribed on two bronze pillars, which are set up in Rome. 1. In my nineteenth year, on my own initiative and at my own expense, I raised an army with which I set free the state, which was oppressed by the domination of a faction. For that reason, the senate enrolled me in its order by laudatory resolutions, when Gaius Pansa and Aulus Hirtius were consuls (43 B.C.E.), assigning me the place of a consul in the giving of opinions, and gave me the imperium. With me as propraetor, it ordered me, together with the consuls, to take care lest any detriment befall the state. But the people made me consul in the same year, when the consuls each perished in battle, and they made me a triumvir for the settling of the state. 2. I drove the men who slaughtered my father into exile with a legal order, punishing their crime, and afterwards, when they waged war on the state, I conquered them in two battles. 3. I often waged war, civil and foreign, on the earth and sea, in the whole wide world, and as victor I spared all the citizens who sought pardon. As for foreign nations, those which I was able to safely forgive, I preferred to preserve than to destroy. About five hundred thousand Roman citizens were sworn to me. I led something more than three hundred thousand of them into colonies and I returned them to their cities, after their stipend had been earned, and I assigned all of them fields or gave them money for their military service. I captured six hundred ships in addition to those smaller than triremes. 4. Twice I triumphed with an ovation, and three times I enjoyeda curule triumph and twenty one times I was named emperor. When the senate decreed more triumphs for me, I sat out from all of them. I placed the laurel from the fasces in the Capitol, when the vows which I pronounced in each war had been fulfilled.

An Evaluation of Pip, and His Great Expectations Essay

In the year 1860, author Charles Dicken’s began his thirteenth novel, Great Expectations. The work is a coming-of-age novel, which tells the life story of an orphan boy named Pip, who much like Dickens’ in his earlier years is unhappy with his current life. A number of Charles Dickens’ personal life events are mirrored in the novel, leaving Great Expectations to be one of his most autobiographical works. Young Pip, the protagonist of the novel is stuck living in the marsh country, he is working a job that he hates, and considers himself to be too good for his current surroundings, much like Dickens’ did when he was younger. While working on Great Expectations, Dickens’ made weekly installments to the novel, leading it to be one of his most well structured works. Great Expectations is a novel which develops a number of different themes as the story progresses, with the primary theme being personal growth and ambition. The story tells us that morals s uch as affection, loyalty and conscience are much more important in reality than social-class, social advancement, and wealth. The protagonist, Pip, is destined to learn this lesson through his ‘great expectations’, as he explores different ideas of ambition and self-improvement. Great Expectations is a convincing tale told in the perspective of an orphan named Pip, who tells his realistic life story from the very beginning of his ‘great expectations’, which all began one evening when he had a strange encounter with an escaped convict in a cemetery, while he was looking at the tombstones of his parents. This mysterious stranger ordered young Pip to bring him food and a file to break loose the shackle on his leg. If Pip does not comply, the strangers promises to murder him. After bringing the convict food and an iron the next day, Pip finds out that the convict has been arrested, and the mysterious criminal has protected Pip by telling the authorities that he stole the food himself. Some time after this event took place, a lawyer by the name of Jaggers appears in the marsh country that Pip lives in, and he comes with strange news: a strange benefactor has given young Pip a large fortune, and Pip must leave his life of being a blacksmith at the for ge behind in order to go to London with Jaggers and become a gentleman, and get his education. During his time in London, Pip discovers many truths about his life, the mysterious benefactor, and his past. A man from the country marsh named Orlick who is the polar-opposite of Pip reappears in his life, and is dead set on ruining it, as well as hopefully killing him. The reader is kept guessing what will happen with Orlick and Pip as the story progresses, as well as who Pip’s mysterious benefactor is. Dickens’ managed to make Great Expectations and interesting read, but a rather dull journey lacking any sort of excitement. Instead of having any sort of surprise throughout Great Expectations, the author simply gives answers to questions asked and created throughout the story, none in which intrigue the readers. The end holds no real surprise, and the novel ultimately ends up being just a message to the readers, saying that money and living in a good social class is not important in comparison to family, friends, and happiness. There are a number of events throughout that story that are irrelevant to everything, such as Pip and his friend Herbert end up being in debt. The debt has absolutely no negative or positive effect on the story, but is only a bit of filler throughout one of the chapters. The main character of Great Expectations, Pip, is the most guilt-ridden character in the novel, he has no prejudice. His most noticeable and crucial characteristics are his naturally good conscience, and his immature glory of romance. Pip eventually faces an internal conflict once he better understands the reality behind poverty and immorality, he decides that he wants to achieve as much as possible. Because of this, Pip puts his life at the marsh country behind him, he abandons the people who care for him the most, and goes to London where he becomes a gentleman. In London, Pip views his past actions very negatively, and very seldom does he ever give himself credit for good deeds he has done in the past. As a gentleman, Pip starts to act as he always imagined a gentleman would, this adds to him treating his family poorly. Many of the characters throughout the story do not seem to be very realistic, it is almost as if they were meant to come across as being quite fictional. Estella is an unrealistically ‘cold’ character, who has zero feelings for anybody or any living thing. She has absolutely no ability to express emotions to the extent that it seems completely unreal.Despite this, Estella almost does come across as being quite sympathetic for her being the way she is. She warns Pip regularly that she has â€Å"no heart†, and strongly urges him to love somebody else, for she is not good for his wellbeing and happiness. At the end of the novel, however, Estella finally begins to feel like as though she is out of Miss Havisham’s control, and is finally her own person, as she tells Pip, â€Å"Suffering has been stronger than all other teaching. . . I have been bent and broken, but – I hope – into a better shape.† Miss Havisham is the most unrealistic character in Great Expectations, she lives in a rotted mansion, and has not removed her wedding dress in over ten years. Miss Havisham has stopped every clock i n her mansion at twenty minutes to nine, and refuses to ever know what time it is, whether it be day or night. Great Expectations takes place in the 19th century, the main character, Pip, is born in England in the 1800’s and is telling his story in the year 1860. The novel is set around the life of Pip, who is on a mission to meet his â€Å"great expectations†, whatever those may be, and to become a gentleman. His life story takes place both in the southeast marsh country of England, and eventually in London, England, where Pip lives as a gentleman. Great Expectations takes place during a very busy time for England, with the Industrial Revolution occurring, as well as the voidance of slavery in the British colonies during 1834. To the people, London is considered to be a prospering capital, and England is a powerful giant on the globe. However, the way Dickens’ depicts is quite the opposite of that. Pip’s hometown Kent, which resides near the marshlands is twenty miles away from the ocean, and the townsfolk can see the Thames River flow through it. Off in the distance of the marshland and ocean is where the convict ships dock, causing many criminals to lurk about the area. The setting is important because of the time period the story takes place, the economy is thriving and there is plenty of opportunity for money. The mood throughout the story feels rather empty, there is never much tension, never much pain, and never much happiness throughout Great Expectations. There are times throughout the novel when some places Pip travels to bring the mood to different levels, for example, Miss Havisham’s rotting mansion sets a darker mood on the tale, but shortly after when Pip is back in London, the story is back to the usual calm mood of Great Expectations. The story often goes through mood swings because of this. When certain characters come into the picture, they do hav e a slight effect on the atmosphere, though the atmosphere of the novel is usually made clear through Pip’s thoughts, as well as his actions. The year is 1860, Charles Dickens’ has just begun his thirteenth novel, the irritating tale of a young man named Pip, who has come across a large fortune of money, and decides to selfishly leave his family and loved ones behind in order to go to London, and be rich. As the novel progresses, Pip develops as a human being and learns many things, as well as beats himself up for his past. Throughout the ride, Pip comes across a great deal of many different people,such as a heartbroken old timer who grieves every day in her own self pity, a stone cold young lady who holds no love for any living thing, a criminal who has a strong sense of high values, and a lawyer who takes Pip under his wing to becoming a gentleman. Each character is unique in their own way, yet each continue to be uninteresting throughout the novel. Dickens’ not only presented the readers with a number of dull characters, but gave his audience a boring tale which ultimately holds no sort of significance in the end. While the novel is generally quite uninteresting, the setting of the novel is rather exciting as it takes place during the Industrial Revolution of England, however this is hardly noted in the novel, therefore putting readers in front of a rather empty, â€Å"too much like home† world, where the men work hard and the women stay at inside all day, the rich are greedy and the poor are struggling. Charles Dickens had a great idea with Great Expectations, but focused too much on other things as well throughout the story which ultimately helped lead it to become uninteresting and irritating to get through, at times there was too much going on in the novel, while at other times unnecessary events were taking place, which did not progress the story in any way whatsoever. Though the theme of Great Expectations exists, the end gives readers more of a relief that the book is finished, rather than leaving them in an intrigued state which Dickens seemed to have originally intended.

The eNotes Blog Shakespeare and Fry and Bly, Oh My! Literary Quotes OnStorms

Shakespeare and Fry and Bly, Oh My! Literary Quotes OnStorms At , we want all of our followers and customers to know we are thinking about you in the wake of Hurricane Sandy and wish everyone a speedy and safe recovery. Hopefully, you have power and can read this but if your battery is running low, I hear there is a Starbucks on Broadway where you can charge up AND whose wifi is still working See To cheer you up, we thought you might enjoy reading some insights from literature and writers about stormy weather. So here ya go. 1.   Blow, winds, and crack your cheeks! rage! blow! You cataracts and hurricanoes, spout Till you have drenched our steeples, drowned the cocks! You sulphurous and thought-executing fires, Vaunt-couriers to oak-cleaving thunderbolts, Singe my white head! And thou, all-shaking thunder, Strike flat the thick rotundity o the world! Crack natures molds, all germens spill at once That make ingrateful man! King Lear, Act 3.2  by William Shakespeare 2.   Stephen Fry Here are some obvious things about weather It’s real. You can’t change it by wishing it away. If it’s dark and rainy it really is dark and rainy, you can’t alter it. It might be dark and rainy for two weeks in a row. BUT It will be sunny one day. It isn’t under one’s control as to when the sun comes out but it will. One day. 3.   The Cat in the Hat  by Dr. Seuss 4.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Why the Egyptian, Arabic, Abyssinian, Choctaw? Well, what tongue does the wind talk? What nationality is a storm? What country do rains come from? What color is lightning? Where does thunder go when it dies?†Ã‚  Something Wicked This Way Comes  by Ray Bradbury 5.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Everyone talks about the weather, but no one does anything about it.†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€¢Ã‚  Mark Twain 6.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Tut, Tut, looks like rain.  Winne-the-Pooh  by  A.A. Milne   7.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"A lot of people like snow. I find it to be an unnecessary freezing of water.† ~  Carl Reiner 8.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"After three days men grow weary, of a wench, a guest, and weather rainy.† ~  Benjamin Franklin 9.   In Rainy September by  Robert Bly   In rainy September when leaves grow down to the dark I put my forehead down to the damp seaweed-smelling sand. What can we do but choose? The only way for human beings is to choose. The fern has no choice but to live; for this crime it receives earth water and night. And finally, at Number 10, a word from the coming years  Farmers   Almanac   â€Å"Flurries early, pristine and pearly. Winters come calling! Can we endure so premature a falling? Some may find this trend distressing- others bend to say a blessing over sage and onion dressing.†

The Importance of Setting in Jack Londons To Build a Fire and Kate Chopins The Storm Essay Example

The Importance of Setting in Jack Londons To Build a Fire and Kate Chopins The Storm Essay Example The Importance of Setting in Jack Londons To Build a Fire and Kate Chopins The Storm Paper The Importance of Setting in Jack Londons To Build a Fire and Kate Chopins The Storm Paper Essay Topic: To Build a Fire A good writer’s depiction of setting positions the reader right into the story. In To Build a Fire by Jack London, the setting plays a significant role throughout the entire short story. London uses certain techniques to establish the atmosphere of the story. By introducing his readers to the setting, prepares them for a tone that is depressed and  frightening. Isolated by the hostile environment of the Yukon in sub-freeing temperatures, a man falls victim to the unrelenting and unforgiving power of nature, London shows us how the main character of the story is completely unaware of his surroundings. The only world the man is truly accustomed to is his own. Never being exposed to such a harsh climate draws one to conclude that the environment is the determining factor of his survival, as well as his dogs too. Anything that the man and his dog come into contact with creates an anticipation for disaster in the story. In Kate Chopins’ â€Å"The Storm,† the setting in this story creates the perfect environment for an adulterous affair. Chopin not only creates the perfect setting but also uses the setting as a symbol of the affair. The presence of the storm is not merely coincidental. It is the driving force behind the story and the affair. As the storm begins, climaxes and ends so does the affair and the story. From the opening we see that Chopin intends to use the storm to move the story forward. Jack Londons â€Å"To Build A Fire,† takes place on a trail in the Yukon. This setting is vital to the story because nature, the cold and the snow become the main character’s worst enemy. The first two paragraphs are devoted to the storys setting and forthcoming action. It is clear that it is mid-winter in the Arctic during a cold snap, that the man is traveling alone, and that he is about to veer from the established route to his destination (the main trail along the Yukon) to take a seldom used but shorter trail across country. The day is clear, but at this latitude and season the sun remains below the horizon, and thus there seemed an intangible pall over the face of things, a subtle gloom that made the day dark. The man, however, did not worry about the absence of the sun, since he knows that it will reappear in a few days. But, we realize almost immediately, the man has only a superficial knowledge of the Arctic. As he stands on a bank of the Yukon about to plunge into an almost absolute wilderness, he has little or no understanding either of his immense isolation relative to his surroundings or of the extreme danger posed by the cold snap. But all of this, London comments at the beginning of the third paragraph, The mysterious, far-reaching hair-line trail, the absence of sun from the sky, the tremendous cold, and the strangeness and weirdness of it all, made no impression on the man. Thus, the man also knows, in addition to the fact the sun will reappear, that it is fifty degrees below zero, but he does not know the meaning of this fact, it portends death for anyone who makes himself vulnerable to its ability to kill. Fifty degrees below zero was to him just precisely fifty degrees below zero. That there should be anything more to it than that was a thought that never entered his head.   During hi s journey, the man gets his feet wet as he falls through the ice into the water of a hot spring. Because of the severity of the cold, the man’s life depends upon his ability to adapt to his surroundings. After one, half-successful fire-starting endeavor, and several other pitiful attempts, the hopelessness of the man’s lone struggle against the hostile environment of the Yukon begins to become apparent, and the man at last â€Å"grows calm and decides to meet death with dignity. † Setting is important to this story, without it, the reader would not learn of the common ignorant human behavior when it comes to survival in an indifferent environment. The setting does not regard the man as important and is unconcerned with his suffering and death. Chopin uses setting to not only influence the reader’s senses, but also, to illustrate the actions and feelings of her characters, to thrust the reader into the sense of being in the storm that is baring down on her characters. This story takes place in a small town located in Louisiana, At Friedheimers store, but the most important setting is Calixta and Bobinots home, when Bobinot is not there. The home itself isnt described that much: it has a Small front gallery†¦ dining room, the sitting room, the general utility room, and a bedroom that holds a white, monumental bed and looked dim and mysterious. The story begins with Bobinot and Bibi inside the local store. As they attempt to leave they notice storm clouds approaching the town. Deciding to wait out the storm, they remain inside. Meanwhile, Calixta is at home sewing and unaware of the storm. Soon realizing the storm is approaching, she begins frantically running about the house closing windows and doors and retrieving clothes left on the porch. Setting in this story is the catalyst to the passion that occurs between Alcee and Calixta. The storm occurs just as Alcee rides by. The storm forces Alcee and Calixta into the house. Chopin describes the lovers’ passion within the storm, â€Å"They did not heed the crashing torrents, and the roar of the elements made her laugh as she lay in his arms. Even as the storm was intense, as was the lovers’ passion so as the storm begins to tire itself out so do the lovers. The growl of the thunder was distant and passing away. The rain beat softly on the shingles, inviting them to drowsiness and sleep. As the storm ends and the land is renewed, The rain was over and the sun was turning the glistening green world into a place of gems,† so it seems is the characters’ relationships. The setting of this story seems to act as a catalyst for these two individuals to look back at their past together and to relive it. Alcee and Calixta are not only trapped in the house during the storm, they almost seem forced into the bedroom, pushed into each others arms and then onto the bed. The storm almost seems to have more of a presence than the house. The storm is taking place during the important sexualized scene, keeping Alcee and Calixta within the house, and Bobinot and Bibi outside of it. When the storm dissipates, Alcee and Calixta must go their separate ways, seemingly much richer for their encounter. When Bobinot reenters his own home, he has no idea of the torrid encounter that just happened there. The storm serves as a plot device. Had Calixtas husband and son not been caught in a storm, Alcee and she would not have been able to have their torrid affair in Calixtas home (and in her and her husbands bed, no less). Every storm creeps upon us, hits a luminous climax, and then fades away into nothingness. Chopin accurately depicts the way that a storm can happen in a person s life. She uses symbolism to depict the feelings of the relationships, which are as unpredictable as that of this raging storm. The setting in this story creates the perfect environment for an adulterous affair. No matter what type of literature is being read, setting always plays a key element in producing the desired effect. Jack Londons short story To Build A Fire,† and Kate Chopins â€Å"The Storm,† provide excellent examples of this. In Londons’ story, The setting is one of the northernmost most areas of the earth, the Yukon. This setting brings a sense of harsh reality and an idea of how fragile the human body is to the piece. The Storm by Kate Chopin revolves around a setting that is both exciting and enticing. Chopins portrayal of the storms setting reinforces the plots main thematic elements through descriptive imagery that coincides with the characters emotions throughout the story. The characters in this story, Alcee and Calixta, each make their own best of the situation as the storm hits. The storm is described as a violent one, with thrashing winds and blinding rain. The cracking of the thunder is frightening to Calixta, and jump-starts an emotional reunion between her and Alcee. Without these settings, the purpose of the stories in itself are demolished. As well, no events in the stories may have even happened.

How to Read a French Menu

How to Read a French Menu Reading the menu in a  French restaurant  can be a little tricky, and not just because of language difficulties. There may be important differences between restaurants in France and in your own country, including what foods are offered and how they are prepared. Types of menus Le menu and la formule refer to the fixed-price menu, which includes two or more courses (with limited choices for each) and is usually the least expensive way to eat out in France. The choices may be written on the ardoise, which literally means slate. Ardoise can also refer  to the specials board the restaurant might display outside or on a wall at the entrance. The sheet of paper or booklet that the waiter hands you (what English speakers call the menu) is la carte, and anything you order from it is la carte, which means fixed-price menu. A couple of other important menus to know are: La carte des vins,  which is the wine menuUne dà ©gustation, which refers to a tasting menu, with small servings of multiple dishes (dà ©guster means to taste) Courses A French meal may include numerous courses, in this order: Un apà ©ritif cocktail, pre-dinner drinkUn amuse-bouche or amuse-gueule snack (just one or two bites)Une entrà ©e appetizer/starter (false cognate alert: entree can mean main course in English)Le plat principal main courseLe fromage cheeseLe dessert dessertLe cafà © coffeeUn digestif after-dinner drink Special Terms In addition to knowing how French restaurants list their food items and prices, as well as the names of courses, you should also familiarize yourself with special food terms. Le plat du jour is the daily special (literally, dish of the day), which is usually part of le menu.Gratuit and offert both mean free.The waiter will often add the word petit (little) to his offer: Un petit dessert? Un petit cafà ©?When youre full, say: Je nen peux plus or Jai bien/trop mangà ©. Other Terms To really feel comfortable ordering from the menu in a French restaurant, youll need to learn a number of common terms. The list below includes almost all common terms you would need to know to impress your friends while ordering in French. The list is broken down by categories, such as food preparation, portions and ingredients, and even regional dishes. Food Preparation   affin aged artisanal homemade, traditionally made la broche cooked on a skewer la vapeur steamed letouffe stewed au four baked biologique, bio organic bouilli boiled brl burnt coup en ds diced coup en tranches / rondelles sliced en crote in a crust en daube in stew, casserole en gele in aspic/gelatin farci stuffed fondu melted frit fried fum smoked glac frozen, icy, glazed grill grilled hach minced, ground (meat) maison homemade pol panfried relev highly seasoned, spicy sch dried truff with truffles truff de ___ dotted/speckled with ___ Tastes   aigre sour amer bitter piquant spicy sal salty, savory sucr sweet(ened) Portions, Ingredients, and Appearance   aiguillettes long, thin slices (of meat) aile wing, white meat aromates seasoning ___ volont (e.g., frites volont) all you can eat la choucroute sauerkraut crudits raw vegetables cuisse thigh, dark meat minc thin slice (of meat) fines herbes sweet herbs un mli-mlo assortment un morceau piece au pistou with basil pesto une pole de ___ assorted fried ___ la pure mashed potatoes une rondelle slice (of fruit, vegetable, sausage) une tranche slice (of bread, cake, meat) une truffe truffle (very expensive and rare fungus) Typical French and Regional Dishes aoli fish/vegetables with garlic mayonnaise aligot mashed potatoes with fresh cheese (Auvergne) le buf bourguignon beef stew (Burgundy) le brandade dish made with cod (Nmes) la bouillabaisse fish stew (Provence) le cassoulet meat and bean casserole (Languedoc) la choucroute (garnie) sauerkraut with meat (Alsace) le clafoutis fruit and thick custard tart le coq au vin chicken in red wine sauce la crme brle custard with a burnt sugar top la crme du Barry cream of cauliflower soup une crpe very thin pancake un croque madame ham and cheese sandwich topped with fried egg un croque monsieur ham and cheese sandwich une daube meat stew le foie gras goose liver ___ frites (moules frites, steak frites) ___ with fries/chips (mussels with fries/chips, steak with fries/chips) une gougre puff pastry filled with cheese la piprade tomato and bell pepper omelet (Basque) la pissaladire onion and anchovy pizza (Provence) la quiche lorraine bacon and cheese quiche la (salade de) chvre (chaud) green salad with goat cheese on toast la salade nioise mixed salad with anchovies, tuna, and hard boiled eggs la socca baked chickpea crpe (Nice) la soupe loignon French onion soup la tarte flambe pizza with very light crust (Alsace) la tarte normande apple and custard pie (Normandy) la tarte tatin upside down apple pie

Weddings in The Middle East, Europe and America Research Paper

Weddings in The Middle East, Europe and America - Research Paper Example How the food is prepared and what they eat is significant to the ceremony. Furthermore, there are related religious ceremonies and meals that accompany wedding celebrations with concomitant health connotations. Therefore, this paper will compare weddings among Middle Easterners, Europeans and the Americans discussing their history, food symbolism, religious celebrations and health connotations. To begin with, the history of wedding in the United States is rather interesting. Traditionally, weddings were seen as a means of wealth and not necessarily out of desire or love. In fact, wedding symbolized the financial security that the groom provides to the bride’s family when the couple marries. Furthermore, brides were chosen in line with their economic worth. It precisely had nothing to do with affection. However, at the turn of the nineteenth century, couples began marrying for love (Wallace, 2004). In contrast to American wedding, Arab weddings were arranged marriages. When a young man reaches the appropriate for marriage, his family will go out and search for a potential bride. The process of investigation takes into account the girl’s physical beauty, cleanliness, education, educational level and her qualities as a house wife. Additionally, the groom’s family takes consideration of the behavior and reputation of the bride’s family (Monger, 2004 ). On the other hand, European wedding traditions are largely borrowed from other traditions. It is worthwhile noting that wedding traditions vary among European nations. Traditional European customs involved kidnapping bride and fighting off the bride’s tribesmen using a sword. Thereafter, the groom would hide the bride for one month in an unknown location; a process known as the ‘honeymoon’. However, things changed during the Victorian era. In the contemporary Europe, wedding borrows heavily from Christian practices. Notable is the white dress, denoting ‘white wedding’. The white dress

Seeing Stars by Janet Staiger Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Seeing Stars by Janet Staiger - Essay Example Stars can be considered as a commodity tool as they represent an extremely successful form of investment. They can also be perceived according to the literal meaning of the word "star"; the character played by a given star forms with the real character of the same star a surreal versus real paradox leading inevitably to an association between the in-text and the in-real-life images of the same star. The third main approach of stardom holds a psychological dimension as it regards the spectatorship, the reasons why stars are often objects of desire have been subject to many analysis, some attribute it to charisma, some to "heavenly bodies", .. etc. For a fuller vision of the evolution of the conception of stars, a flashback on the history of cinema has to be done. Various developments in Europe and the United states led to the invention of moving image technology forming the origin of the movie creation. However, it was only in the 1890's that films were used as an entertainment medium, it was then when this technologic invention transformed into a business. In the nineteenth century, many political and social elements influenced the evolution of film industry. The art of Cinema tended to transform into a capitalist enterprise indeed. In fact, Janet Staiger, in her definition of the system of movie production, supports a Marxist point of view. She tends to consider the latter system as a sub-system initially controlled by patterns of organization of labor, such as script writers, camera men and women, prop makers in combination with two major factors, technology and capital. In the first decade of the twentieth century, Americ an movie companies withheld the name of film performers fearing that the public recognition would lead these "stars" to ask for higher salaries. In this dissertation, studying the Motion Picture Patents Company is to be used as a proof of the prominence of the role of stars in the evolution of the movie industry. The Motion Picture Patents Company In 1908, two companies, Edison and Biograph, attempted to monopolize the film industry through the key patents they held in camera and projection technology by forming the Motion Picture Patents Company (MPPC). The company played the role of a "patent tool" that issued licenses for fee to firms. However, the biggest income source for the MPC didn't have licensing as its main source, it was priory based on the Nickelodeon, their most important exhibition outlet. Technically, what marked the MPPC movies most was the notion of voyeurism, "the look of the peeping tom, able to see without being seen. Early Cinema very frequently represents the female, dissected by the close up into a fetishised object of the male look" (Nelmes, 2003 : 99). The capital event that marked the end of this era is the start of the "star system" (1920), one of Hollywood's established features. As Janet Staiger clarifies in "Seeing stars", the origin of its creation remains a subject of discussion. Some say that it started in 1910 when Carl Laemmle, the owner of the Independent Motion Picture (IMP) production company, promoted the arrival of a female star, Lawrence, to his company by publicly exposing her name in a newspaper. That came as an opposed reaction to the MMPC which refused to publish stars' number fearing that their public recognitio

Cosmetic Composition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cosmetic Composition - Essay Example A brief introduction of some of the frequently used chemicals is given below and their effects on the skin are also discussed. Tretinoin also commonly known as Retin-A is a chemical derived form vitamins and is usually used for the treatment of acne. Later it was discovered that it can also be used for the elimination of small wrinkles. After this discovery, cosmetic companies ritually started including vitamin A in their cosmetics claiming it to be highly beneficial, others disagreed and stated that Retin A actually irritates and puffs up the skin which gives it a smooth wrinkle free look. Secondly fruit acids generally popular as Alpha Hyroxy Acids (AHA) claimed to gently remove the dead skin cells revealing softer and smoother inner layer. Later on studies revealed that AHA’s should not be used very frequently since they can serve to be drugs rather than cosmetic and it was also prohibited since it is very frequently used by non trained beauticians which can bring about ver y serious damages to the skin. The very popularly used exfoliants can also be very damaging and hazardous to the skin since they serve to remove the dead and mature skin cells revealing and exposing the premature skin cells to dust and ultraviolet rays. In the absence of the adult skin cells, the premature ones have a tendency to age and dry out rapidly. (Leslie, 100) Use of Masks and Serums and its Impact on the Beauty Industry The basic concerns of individuals, as far as skin is concerned is aging spots and areas affected by the ultraviolet rays. Skin specialists have been focusing their concentration on these problems so that they can be easily tackled and taken care of. The extract of Magnolia Sieboldii is used to address the problem of photoaging and also for the prevention of wrinkles. Its extract has the ability to protect the skin cells from the sun rays and ensures minimum skin damage by suppressing the damage of the skin cells and DNA. It also contains within itself the pr operty of reducing the wrinkles that appear on the skin with time, it does so by providing growth to the synthesis of collagen simultaneously retarding the growth of collagenases. Hence it is widely used in sunblocks, and also in anti ageing masks and serums. Other natural active ingredients used in cosmetics are alcohol, aloe vera, amino acids, avocado oil, beeswax, cucumber extract etc. Their useful affects on skin cells and body are as discussed. Alcohol is used in a lot of cosmetics for the purpose of skin firming and disinfecting it. Aloe vera is considered to be very effective in treating damaged and dry skin, providing it moisture and a soothing effect. It regenerates the dead and mature skin cells. Beeswax is simply the wax produced by the bees and is known to be effective for the protection and moisture locking in the cells. Avocado is a multipurpose fruit which is used for eating as well as in the cosmetic industry. Its extracts are immediately absorbed by the skin making it supple without a fatty appearance to it. It maintains and revitalizes the working of the lipid barrier making lamellar coverings which give the skin a unitone complexion along with flexibility. (Valerie, 219) Benefits of Cosmetic Composition Cosmetics may have hazardous effects on the skin but if used wisely and in the right proportion can make the skin

Examining current reverse logistics trends Research Paper - 1

Examining current reverse logistics trends - Research Paper Example Based on these activities, reverse logistics can be divided based on whether the reverse flow encompasses product or packaging. A product could be in the reverse flow due to a number of reasons such as refurbishment, remanufacture or because the client returned it. Packaging is a reverse logistics activity because it flows back because of the regulations restrictions on product disposal. Both product and packaging may be reused or landfilled, but if they are to be utilized again, the two may experience a mixed bag of distinctive methodologies (Rogers, & Tibben†Lembke, 2001). Reverse logistics is of great importance to a company because of a number of reasons. First, it permits a trader to get items back from the buyer or send unsold stock once again to the manufacturer to be disassembled, sorted, reassembled or reused; minimizing general expenses for an association. Second, it enhances consumer loyalty and devotion by considering defective merchandise, and repairs of stock. Reverse logistics can incorporate seeking feedback from consumers to make upgrades and to enhance the comprehension of genuine purposes behind item returns. Thirdly, it may lead to gains in an organization. Expanding rate of production, diminishing expenses (transportation, managerial, repair and maintenance), holding clients by enhancing the quality of products are some of the gains an organization can accrue. The topic of examining the current trends of reverse logistics also incorporates some of the analysis methodologies that organizations apply today. A key methodology is the inventory control analysis that aims at ensuring that the supply chain of the company is optimized. Inventory control ensures that inventory management ensures random discount in pricing, minimum purchase requirements and random return (Alinovi, Bottani, & Montanari, 2012).

Strategic Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategic Management - Research Paper Example Lately the services it offers to its customers have also been widely differentiated from those of its competitor, Disney. Thus, conflict of interests has been avoided and also the cut throat competition that previously existed has been brought under control. From the internal environment, Ocean Park has undergone a lot of innovations and improvements which help it to keep up with the competitive environment. With the innovation of Dolphin shows and the Cable Car, the place is able to attract a large number of people from different corners of the world. The managing director of Ocean Park also stated that unlike Disney which was all about fantasy, Ocean Park was about reality of nature and real animals. In Singapore, the main attraction currently is the Universal Studios Singapore. The theme park has paved a way for Asia’s success in tourism since it has already attracted more than two million tourists since its opening. The success of the park has mainly been attributed to its unique attractions of blockbuster movies and television shows. Its spectacular hotels and shopping malls also contribute significantly to its quality and attractiveness. General Environment in Hong Kong and Singapore The environment in Hong Kong is generally characterized by businesses, industry and work. Most of the businesses are operated in a laissez faire world where there is very minimal control by the government. The place is also composed of industries such as manufacturing and electronic industries (Lee, 2001, P. 110). Although the city is known to be poor in the financial and commercial sector, it is known for its success in domestic tourism. Lately however, it has specialized in eco-tourism considering its magnificent nature (Singh, 2012, P. 10). The politics in the area are not so outstanding but are carried out in a peaceful manner. Such factors have promoted a favorable environment for the park to undertake its developments. Political stability in Hong Kong also create s a favorable environment for the tourism industry. This is supported by the fact that tourists would not be willing to visit a place where there are wars and political violence. Travel and accommodation industry in Hong Kong and Singapore Following the recent release of Global Financial Centers Index 2011, Hong Kong was ranked at a higher position than Singapore and third after London and New York. This has mainly been attributed to its wide hotel and tourism industry. The catering and hotel industry in Hong Kong provides highest level of visitor experience and satisfaction to the visitors thus ensuring that there is a flow of tourists all the time. The travel industry is also favored by the employment of staffs that are fluent in Mandarin so as to promote communication with the tourists. Most of the tourists to Hong Kong are from mainland China. Other, whose main aim is leisure, recreation and holidays come from other parts of the world, including America, Thailand and Singapore ( Zhang, Pine, and Lam, 2005, P. 83). Due to the continued political and economic stability in Hong Kong, the tourism industry continues to grow as more and more people find their way to the city. With growth in the tourism industry, it implies that the number of visitors on Ocean Park will also increase. Take for example in the year 2011 when china as a whole registered a large number of tourists, Ocean Park reported a total of 900,

Examining current reverse logistics trends Research Paper - 1

Examining current reverse logistics trends - Research Paper Example Based on these activities, reverse logistics can be divided based on whether the reverse flow encompasses product or packaging. A product could be in the reverse flow due to a number of reasons such as refurbishment, remanufacture or because the client returned it. Packaging is a reverse logistics activity because it flows back because of the regulations restrictions on product disposal. Both product and packaging may be reused or landfilled, but if they are to be utilized again, the two may experience a mixed bag of distinctive methodologies (Rogers, & Tibben†Lembke, 2001). Reverse logistics is of great importance to a company because of a number of reasons. First, it permits a trader to get items back from the buyer or send unsold stock once again to the manufacturer to be disassembled, sorted, reassembled or reused; minimizing general expenses for an association. Second, it enhances consumer loyalty and devotion by considering defective merchandise, and repairs of stock. Reverse logistics can incorporate seeking feedback from consumers to make upgrades and to enhance the comprehension of genuine purposes behind item returns. Thirdly, it may lead to gains in an organization. Expanding rate of production, diminishing expenses (transportation, managerial, repair and maintenance), holding clients by enhancing the quality of products are some of the gains an organization can accrue. The topic of examining the current trends of reverse logistics also incorporates some of the analysis methodologies that organizations apply today. A key methodology is the inventory control analysis that aims at ensuring that the supply chain of the company is optimized. Inventory control ensures that inventory management ensures random discount in pricing, minimum purchase requirements and random return (Alinovi, Bottani, & Montanari, 2012).

Interrogating Thomas Paine's Agrarian Justice Essay

Interrogating Thomas Paine's Agrarian Justice - Essay Example In addition, all sermons that do not have this purpose should be considered as nonsense and hypocritical. I believe Paine is among the greatest theorists of the modern age; he never supported feudalism and aristocracy instead he supported egalitarianism. I would identify two principles that would be extremely applicable in justice; people ought to behave as a unit and not as individuals. Considering Paine’s argument, it is upon the consciousness of justice that the revolution energy will emerge and multiply natural resources such as vegetation. It is the process of unjustly obtaining resources through the name of civilization that has made people either extremely poor or affluent. The success of any plan that is beneficial to the society depends on the number of individuals interested in supporting it, brought together with the justice of its principles. Poverty according to Paine is not in the natural state of things since it gets created by the so called civilized life. He b ased his arguments upon concerns about the extreme sides of poverty and wealth that have since emerged in the evolution of the present modern society, and their impact on personal anguish and social wreckage. He says that has worked in two ways; ensuring one portion of the society is much wealthier and the other more wretched (Thomas 7). The rich continue getting richer while the poor get poorer. This can be witnessed in many capitalist countries where economic inequalities have sparked economic revolution, for example, in France during Paine’s period. Similar conditions led to the outbreak of the French revolution. He states that the most prosperous and miserable man of the entire human society is found in the civilized countries. He observes a condition that generates the equivalence between progress and civilization (Thomas 6). It is not clear whether civilization has promoted or injured the general happiness of man. Paine is interested in showing the greatest divide betwe en the rich and the poor in the construction of state affairs. Both men and women must assume responsibilities for their functions within the society. He describes civilization as an artificial or constructed condition, and that it results from human will and choice (Thomas 8). Furthermore, he strives to use that essential truth in the progressive enhancement of the poor and civilization as a whole. Paine describes civilization as a construction he needs to further differentiate from the previous state of affairs which he refers to the natural state - mythical original state in which humans initially existed on the planet. Paine believes that the Indian people of Northern America represent the  ideal  natural  and primitive state of man (Thomas 7). He argues that the spectacles of human misery present in Europe cannot be found among the Indians. Paine views The Indian condition as neither enriched by factors of civilized progress as the European upper and middle classes nor as degraded by poverty as the poor in Europe; the life of an Indian is a progressive holiday, compared to the poor of Europe; moreover, it appears to be object when compared to the rich. Thomas Paine uses the Indians to demonstrate egalitarianism that he can relate with the natural state (Thomas 7). This helps him to show the extreme poverty of modern society as the interference of the natural order of things. Personally I do not believe that civilization has created out rightly negative things. Through civilization, we have seen

Marriage and Divorce in Colonial Korea Essay Example for Free

Marriage and Divorce in Colonial Korea Essay The article â€Å"Where Boys Were Kings, a Shift Toward Baby Girls† from The New York Times relays to readers the significant and profound changes in Korean society in relation to preference of female children over their male counterparts in Korean families.   In Korea, preference for boys is a centuries old custom and was rooted in part in an agrarian society that relied on sons to do the difficult work on family farms.   Men were also accorded special status because they were considered the carriers of the family’s all-important bloodline.    As Yang mentioned in Korea times, many people (mostly men) still think that â€Å"men are sky and women are land†. Under a highly conservative Confucianism based society, these changes in preference of baby girls especially highlights a shift in women’s status in Korea. The New York Times provides an example of Ms. Park’s situation.   Ms. Park is a 61-year-old newspaper executive who has three sons.   Only several decades ago, women who could reproduce many boys were considered the ideal wife.   However, Ms. Park now says that â€Å"within a generation, I have turned from the luckiest woman possible to a pitiful mother†.   As seen in Ms. Park’s interview in South Korea, once one of Asia’s most rigidly patriarchal societies, a centuries-old preference for baby boys is fast receding. This kind of significant change started from 1987 when â€Å"the government banned doctors from revealing the sex of a fetus before birth†.   Since then, women’s status improved each year.   As compared to fewer than one out of ten women entering college in 1981, six out of ten did so in 2006.   Also in the National Assembly, once one of the nation’s most male-dominated institution, women now hold about 13 percent of the seats, about double the percentage they held just four years ago†. As we examined in Yoo’s article â€Å"The ‘New Woman’ and the Politics of Love, Marriage and Divorce in Colonial Korea†, there was a time when education, political involvement, and sense of freedoms were limited for women in Korea.   For being one of the group of young educated Korean women, I am very proud. For the older generation of women, who have tried to find their true rights as a â€Å"modern girl†, I owe their struggles to my success.

Effect of Stem Cell Treatment on Blood Cancer Patients

Effect of Stem Cell Treatment on Blood Cancer Patients Stephen T. Smith II Abstract Stem cell transplantation, which most of the time is alluded to as peripheral blood, bone marrow, and umbilical cord transplant, is a system that replaces undesirable blood-shaping cells with solid normal cells. Stem cell transplantation permits specialists to give high substantial measurements of chemotherapy or radiation treatment to build the possibility of disposing of blood cancer growth in the marrow and after that reestablishing ordinary cell generation.   As researchers continue to improve with stem cell transplantation, the possibility for more patients to receive this treatment for Leukemia lymphoma, myeloma and Hodgkins disease could increases. In spite of the fact that stem cell transplants can help many patients, notwithstanding giving a few people a possibility for a cure, the choice to have a transplant isnt simple. Noteworthy worthy foundational concerns about stem cell treatment are that by introducing stem cells into an infected body may cause more harm, uncontrolled development, worsen the disease or damage injuries as opposed to treating them.   The transplants have been utilized to cure a large number of individuals with generally savage diseases. Still, the conceivable dangers and confusions can debilitate life, as well. The normal dangers and advantages must be weighed painstakingly before considering a transplant.   The possible risks and complications can be life threatening. Introduction Blood or bone marrow cancer in known as leukemia. There are diverse sorts of leukemia, however, they all begin when something turns out badly with blood-developing cells in bone marrow, the springy tissue inside bones. In leukemia, a portion of the cells are made when these blood-developing cells partition are irregular and they continue isolating wildly, swarming out typical blood and invulnerable cells we have to survive.   Leukemia is normally found in youngsters; more often than it is in grown-ups. Without treatment, leukemia can be deadly. The uplifting news is that doctors have found ways to treat leukemia through stem cells transplants. There are three fundamental types of blood cells, white, red, and platelets, which are created by stem cells. Our bodies require a combination of all three blood cells to keep us alive, for the cells to carry out their employments, every living individual needs a proper balance of each cell in their blood. There are three different types of stem cell transplants, the most well-known type of stem cell transplant is peripheral blood, which is the blood that streams through every living individuals arteries and veins. Bone marrow typically discharges a small amount of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) into the circulation system. To get enough peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) for a transplant, the contributor takes a white cell development, for example, granulocyte-state fortifying variable (G-CSF) medication, which builds the number of stem cells by coaxing them out of the marrow and into the blood system. At the point when a patients own particular foundational stems cells are utilized, both granulocyte-state fortifying (G-CSF) and the chemotherapy, which are used to treat cancer usually increase peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs). In patients who have myeloma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, the medication plerixafor (Mozobil) can be utilized to assemble their own foundational stem cells. Studies and Treatment Findings Studies have shown that patients with leukemia who have gone through a stem cell transplants using the umbilical cord blood infants are typically helpless against life-threating diseases for no less than a month as their immune system recovers. Umbilical cord blood transplants have been performed in many patients with leukemia and other blood tumors to help the body make fresh recruit cells after its own particular cells, in the body, which have been wrecked by cancer treatment and disease.   The reason why stem cell cord blood transplant are having so much success is because they do not have to be a perfect matched with a patient, unlike bone marrow transplants.   Even though the stem cell cord blood is very versatile and doesnt always need a perfect match only one of three patient and 95% of non-whites who could possibly benefit from a transplant never locate an appropriate match.   Scientists are searching for an approach to expand and speed up the production of white blood cells from the stem cell cord blood with an end goal to fight infections. In any case, stem cell cord blood of newborns contains just around one-tenth of the undeveloped cells found in bone marrow, and this is the reason cord blood transplants, takes such a great amount of time longer to engraft. The reason why stem cell cord blood transplant are having so much success is because they do not have to be a perfect matched with a patient, unlike bone marrow transplants.   Even though the stem cell cord blood is very versatile and doesnt always need a perfect match only one of three patient and 95% of non-whites who could possibly benefit from a transplant never locate an appropriate match. A European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation conducted a study of 513 patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML), and treated them with allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) the two are usually reported together.   The results were complete remission of the disease in 122 patients, 344 did not have any remission, and 47 the results were unknown. The study results determined that allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) should continue to be a curative treatment option for patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia CMML and should be performed preferably early after diagnosis or after establishing the best possible remission status. An individual case study about a 52-yearà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœold woman with erythematous skin nodules on her trunk, arms, face, also with bilateral pleural effusion and hepatosplenomegaly who was treated at a Turkish hospital was reported in October 2012. Doctors found Tà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœcell acute lymphoblastic leukemia were consistent with precursors in her skin and bone marrow from the biopsy. The woman was started on induction chemotherapy, and remission was achieved. However, in December of 2013 the womans bone marrow examination was clean, but skin lesions started to reappeared.   In January of 2014 the disease reappeared, so doctors started radiation treatment.   The radiation treatment caused the skin lesions progress, but relapse was evident in the bone marrow. In March of 2014 a chemotherapy regimen was started in response to the continued progression of the nodular skin lesions. The chemo treatment was unsuccessful, so May of 2014 the patient was treated with a highà ¢Ã¢ ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœdose of cytosine arabinoside.   The doctors finally decided to try allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, but a donor match could not be identified.  Ã‚   The woman was sent to Istanbul were she underwent un-manipulated peripheral blood stem cell transplant.   The transplant was preform without any extreme difficulties.   The womans body reacted positively to the stem cell treatment the leukemia stay in remission and the nodular skin lesions start to relapse. Conclusion Stem cell research has proven to have success for treatment in leukemia patients, but researcher still have their challenges with stem cells and controlling them, so that they will form the desired type of tissue without causing cancer.  Ã‚   Cancer patients should beware of con artist and pseudoscientific claims, there is a physician in China who runs a clinic where he injects stem cells derived from olfactory sheath cells taken from aborted fetuses into the spines of those suffering from spinal cord injury or motor nerve cell disease.   He claims that this treatment has amazing results curing his patients for their injuries.   His clinic has persuaded many desperate people from around the world, to pay a fee of $20,000 plus all related expenses.   His clinic has all the red flags of not applying basics of the scientific method.   This physician failed to conduct even the most basic observational controls in assessing his treatments. There is no hypothesis to explain his o bservations, no objective tests of function, no imaging or other anatomical or physiological testing to see what has happened to the patients during the experiment and no analyzed data of patients. Most patients accomplish a reduction (a nonappearance of signs and side effects) after starting treatment for intense myeloid leukemia (AML). Notwithstanding, a few patients have lingering leukemic cells in their marrow even after concentrated treatment. This is alluded to as unmanageable leukemia.   The treatment alternatives may incorporate medications not officially utilized amid the primary course of treatment. Foundational stem cell transplantation might be utilized when a reduction is accomplished, which may bring about a more durable remission. A few patients achieve reduction and afterward have an arrival of leukemia cells in the marrow and a lessening in typical platelets. This is called backslid leukemia. In patients who backslide, the length of the abatement, the patients age and the cytogenetic discoveries in the leukemia cells impact the way to deal with treatment. Drugs like those controlled at first, extraordinary medications or undifferentiated organism transplantation might be utilized to treat the leukemia.

Sherlock Holmes Essay example -- English Literature

Sherlock Holmes Sherlock Holmes is a famous fictional detective with his own series of books written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle between the late 1800’s and early 1900’s otherwise known as the Victorian era in England. The stories were set in London on Baker Street. The people of Victorian England loved Sherlock Holmes because he always got his man, and the police in their time could not get anyone. Another reason the English people from the Victorian era loved Sherlock Holmes is the way he solves the crimes. He is observant, intelligent, has a sense of humour, brave and makes deductions very well from almost nothing. Sherlock is a tall slim man with sharp piercing eyes, square shoulders, and known for his hat and pipe, which he smokes quite a lot. He sometimes acts stupidly to catch criminals or uses role reversal and take the criminals for fools. Sherlock Holmes is seen as an amateur detective that you can count on. In â€Å"The Red Headed League† Holmes shows he is truly a great detective by changing personalities to handle the suspects. He uses sarcasm, intelligence, his ability to appear calm and relaxed, sense of humour and of course his deductive and observant mind. In this story, however, he mainly uses his observant mind and sense of humour. ‘Until the comical side of the affair so completely over-topped every other consideration that both burst out into a roar of long laughter.’ He has the criminal copying from a dictionary for no reason, which is quite amusing. Then he uses both his sense of humour and observant mind when he says ‘Behind the obvious fact that he has at sometime done some manual labour, that he takes snuff, that he is a freemason, and that he has done a considerable amount of wri... ...lso, since Sherlock Holmes was a cocaine addict like most middle class people at the time, it appealed to them along with the fact that he was like the justice they were not receiving because he always got his man. The stories are popular today because they are set in London but not modern London Victorian London. Since they were written in the Victorian period the plot and structure of the original stories are seen to be well written, very imaginative and including a variety of characters, crimes and types of clues. Also since the police in the Victorian era couldn’t solve anything Sherlock Holmes was seen as a hero because he would always solve his crimes in a unique and flawlessly constructed way and since he was the first literary super hero working to help the underdog modern day people, including me, have to respect his stories, like them or not.

The Practical Ways of Spending Money

What is better? To spend money Saving and investing your money for the future is one of the most practical things you can do. This is solid advice, but when you do decide to spend your hard earned money it should be spent on something practical, useful, and meaningful to the wellbeing of your existence. So many people either save their money or blow it on worthless crap. Here are some practical ways to spend your money on something useful: 1.Travel to See the Significant People in Your Life – There may be no better way to spend your money than to use it to nurture and rekindle personal relationships with the most significant people in your life. As time quickly passes, we sometimes forget how essential strong personal relationships are to our mental wellbeing. The older we get the more we need true friends and family to be regular parts of our lives. 2. Hire a Personal Trainer – Your health is your life. Without it, all the success and affluence in the world is meaningl ess.Committing yourself to a regular exercise routine is one of the best ways to maintain the health of your body and mind. Sometimes it’s hard to tackle this endeavor on your own. Spending money on a knowledgeable personal trainer who can set you on the right course creates priceless results. Make sure you stick with the trainer until you are committed to exercising on your own. 3. Fix What Is Broken – Have you been ignoring your screeching brakes? What about the excessively loud hum from your AC compressor?Or the scratching noise coming from your computer system? Sooner or later these small annoyances will wear down the reliability of the product and you will be left with a completely broken product instead of just a halfway broken one. Use your money wisely to fix and maintain your belongings. 4. Educate Yourself – Use your money to purchase educational courses or books pertaining to your career, or to a miscellaneous topic that interests and intrigues you. R emember, knowledge is power and your brain is the container of that knowledge.There are few options for spending money on something more practical than the development and facility of your brain. 5. Add Value to Your Home – Your home should be your sanctuary, the place on this planet where you feel the most comfortable. Adding value to your home , be it personal value or increased monetary value, is always a practical choice for spending your money. If the additions you make increase your level of comfort for years to come, you win. If they increase the value of the home to a third party someday when you sell, you win. If both occur, you win big.

Creation of the World

The creation of the world has many different theories but according to Christian beliefs ‘’In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. † (Genesis 1) The Bible states that God created the world is a 7 day time frame in which he started when God created first created light and separated the light from the darkness, calling light â€Å"day† and darkness â€Å"night†. On his second day of work God created an huge area to separate the waters and called it â€Å"sky. On his third God created the dry ground and gathered the waters, calling the dry ground â€Å"land,† and the gathered waters â€Å"seas. † , God also created plants and trees. Then on the fourth day God created the sun, moon, and the stars to give light to the earth to separate the day and the night. On the fifth day God created every living creature of the seas and every winged bird. On the sixth day God created the animals to fill the earth. On day six, God also cre ated man and women bringing humans to the world for the first time.Adam and Eve were the first humans that God created, man out of dust and woman out of man. God gave them one rule and that was not to eat of the fruit on one particular tree in the Garden of Eden. Eve was talked into eating the fruit by the serpent, and then she convinced Adam to eat of it as well. When they had disobeyed God, they felt ashamed and naked; so they hid from him. After talking with them, he punished them by banishing them from the Garden. This was the day sin entered the world and man’s nature is now sadly a sinful nature.This is why God sent his son to die on the cross for our sins so that we have the chance to live with him one day for eternity. This is how humans first had to encounter a real live situation and choose between good and evil. Finally on day 7 God had finished his work of creation and so he rested on the seventh day, blessing it and making it holy, and that is why Christians cele brate church and mass on Sundays that being the seventh and final day of the week.

Deja Vu Informative Paper Essay

The mind is a wonderful thing – there is so much, which remains a mystery to this day. Science is able to describe strange phenomena, but cannot account for their origins. We all have some experience of familiar feelings, which comes to us occasionally, about what we say and do, what we know and see, what we listen and hear. When you walk into the house of a new friend, you realise something strange. The place looks familiar though you have not been there and the people look familiar though you have not seen them. You have been there before, but not exactly in person. A serious recollection makes you realise that it was in a dream, a dream that perfectly portrayed with every small detail the exact room you’re now standing in. Sounds familiar? This is an experience that is not as rare as most people think. For many, these arbitrary feelings of extreme familiarity, known as dà ©jà   vu, come through dreams that some say predict the future. These dà ©jà   vu feelings are all of the dreams that we have each night that we cannot remember. You feel as though you have already been there because you have, in your dreams. The things that dreams show may not be significant, just a random moment proposed to happen somewhere in the near or far future. There have also been accounts where the dreamer claims they saw a catastrophic event occur before the incident actually happened. The study conducted by Colorado State University psychologist; Anne M. shows that this unnatural phenomenon has become more and more popular with time. Multiple cases of this have come forward, all of them experiencing the same distinct feeling that dà ©jà   vu brings. Natalia from Brazil stated- â€Å"I was fast asleep and I was having a dream. A dream where all my neighboring huts were burning down, it was wild; everyone was screaming for help and running around deranged. I was choking in my dream, I was struggling to breathe, I felt like it was happening for real but I couldn’t find myself waking up from the horrible dream and then suddenly in my dream my son had died. I woke up trembling, shivering, sobbing at the middle of the night, the entire dream felt like it was happening, but then I reassured myself that it was just a dream and went back to sleep. Two days after early in the morning I smelt something burning and woke up instantly to find out that my dream had come true†¦.. All the huts were burning down, I instantly went looking for my son, but it was too late†¦ my son was already dead. I wish I would have known before.†- Brazil, favelas. What is your theory on why we experience Dà ©jà   vu? â€Å"The electrical signals that allow us to store memories in our brains can take a number of different routes to arrive at their final destination. If a ‘memory’ in the form of an electrical signal takes a couple of different routes at the same time, it is possible that if one route is longer than the other, it arrives in the memory part of your brain only to find that the same memory has already arrived by a shorter route. This would make you think that you had already experienced the event on a previous occasion. It is a bit like hearing an echo when a sound wave has been reflected via different paths. That’s my theory, and I’m happy with it. – Says Philip Carter, Researcher and Sociologist in UK. â€Å"I think that at some point in our dreams we have dreamt about a face, place or situation and at some point when we are awake we could be doing something similar to our dream that triggers the brain into thinking that we have done this before.†- Says Dean Ferdje, Head psychologist in Stanford Research Institute. â€Å"It is a 7th sense. Some people are psychic; they have full control of retaining information of what they see in the future, and however most of us do not have such abilities. At one point we catch a brief glimpse into the future, usually an insignificant event. That glimpse is stored somewhere in the deep recesses of our mind. When that event actually happens, dà ©jà   vu occurs, it triggers the memory of that momentary glimpse, because of its brevity and depth it is stored in our mind we do not remember having it in the first place. It is familiar, but not recognizable†. – Dennis Ladwe, psych pharmacologist in Australia SMU Psychology Professor Alan Brown identified these facts about dà ©jà   vu by studying different kinds of people, people with different jobs, different age, different personalities and different life styles: * A majority of people experience dà ©jà   vu, roughly two-thirds of the population. * The frequency of dà ©jà   vu decreases with age and is most common among people from 15 to 25 years old. * High income and well educated people have more dà ©jà   vu experiences. * Dà ©jà   vu appears to be associated with stress and fatigue. * Those who travel have more dà ©jà   vu experiences. * Some people report that dà ©jà   vu experiences appear to repeat prior dreams. Even you reading this article can be a dà ©jà   vu.

Career Assessments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Career Assessments - Essay Example The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and Big Five Factor assessments are the most commonly used tools in career counseling nowadays. MBTI is a psychometric questionnaire which is formulated to measure psychological preferences of people about how they perceive the world and make decisions accordingly. On the other hand, The Big Five model or Five Factor Model (BFM) is the analysis of personality through five dimensions of personality traits, i.e., Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism and openness to experience. A Swiss psychiatrist Carl G Jung researched extensively in order to explore the psychological preferences of humans in making decisions and performing task which depicts their specific traits, for example; study habits and way of relaxation. Jung experiments influenced his students, Isabel Briggs and Katherine Briggs who took Myer’s theory into application which emerged into Type Indicator (MBTI[R]).It is more of a self report questionnaire which is devised to make Myer’s theory more understandable and adaptable in order to make clear psychological identification of normal people and guide them in making good decisions according to their strengths and potential. It is applied in the stress management, organizational development, learning and communication style and team building as well (Bryan & Ashley, 2004). Big Five is quite easy and short personality assessment; it is good for the assessment of non-managerial staff but not appropriate for managerial or executive level roles as they involve complex capabilities and working attitudes which are more than just personality. Dr. Robert Hogan (As cited in Matthias, 2009) narrates that the four MBTI scales are sorted in 16 Types which are attributed to preferences, values and cognitive styles Information about the specific Type is used for career guidance and organizational activities. Personality psychologists consider MBTI crucial and opt for

Robot Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Robot Engineering - Essay Example In the past, they were known to be dreams in the field of science, but nowadays it is easy to find them in organizations and homes. They are used as inspiring tools for students and are commonly used for learning purposes (The HINTS Lab 2013). The main reasons they are used as learning tools is because their components are easily available and applicable in many disciplines due to the characteristics of their design. Also, their use is well known, and they are not strange to humans. However, robots will help us in our lives but it will not replace the human being. As a form of entertainment in the school of engineering, students are given a problem to solve as a form of competition. The winners are rewarded handsomely, and this motivates them in their creativity and innovation. Since there are many solutions to every problem, it is this trouble solving that has improved the living standards from living in caves to exploring the universe. Robot competition has improved the school of e ngineering, science, and technology since it is fun to the student and they enjoy it. It is their innovations in a competition that have attracted other investors to come up with other machines and equipment used in the production. In the current world, most developed countries are using computers in almost all institutions. In schools, e-learning is used where the lecturer teaches by the use of computer network; hence, there is no need for physical appearance. In the case of exams, students use computers and submit their assignments by the use of the Internet. This has simply reduced paperwork, transportation cost and other related costs in the teaching field. In the developing countries, technology has not yet been fully employed in many areas like education, industry, and medicine. This is because the cost of implementation is high, and the majority of the citizens are not conversant with it. In order to come up with robot engineering, learning institutions found that the normal teaching and textbooks are not giving the solutions to the problems. Many textbooks stress on calculation methods and theories and explain little on the physical things that are described by the theories. Issues like the best process for designing a particular machine, how the items are made, and how they perform certain tasks are not solved (The HINTS Lab 2013). Robots are of different kinds according to the task they perform. For example, there are those which look like human beings in their physical form. There are those which are moveable and those which can sense information from their surroundings. Historically, in the industrial sector, the growth of robot gadgets is a merge of two things: watchmaking and innovation in manufacturing apparatus. As early as 400-350 B.C, a Greek man, Tarentum, made a wooden sculpture of a pigeon which was triggered by a steam jet. Many other innovations like the iron man, magic fountain, frying iron eagle among others have been invented.

Corporate social responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Corporate social responsibility - Essay Example Over the period of time, corporate social responsibilities have gained its prominence in public and business debate. Furthermore, it has affected the working strategy of business in such a way that crosses the departmental restrictions. The corporate social responsibility is referred to as the strategic alteration initiated by firms or organization is such a way that is beneficial, society friendly and ethical towards the development of community. According to Moser, Gyomlay, corporate social responsibility is viewed as increasingly central concern and widely-applied concept in decision making process of a business. Moreover, it is defined as the circumstances where a business or firm engages in accomplishment and goes beyond the compliances that go beyond the interests of the firm and based on social good. It is believed that, every corporate report, policies talk about the undertakings and activities for corporate social responsibility. This has become the primary way of ensuring t hat a firm of business is achievingand satisfying all obligations towards society. The prime purpose of the report is based on critical assessment of importance of corporate social responsibility towards business and society. Corporate social responsibility is also known as sustainable responsible business that is a practice of corporate self-regulation. It is defined as the sense of responsibly of a business or firm towards the environment and community. The citizenship is expressed by companies through contribution on social and education programs, pollution and waste reduction procedures. In early 1970, the term corporate social responsibility came in to prominence. Many multinational corporations used the word CSR to define the activities of businessthat impacted their duty and concerns towards the environment. Different researches have provided different viewpoints about the proper implementation and

Biography of Florence Nightingale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Biography of Florence Nightingale - Essay Example status and the family would rather prefer she marry into her own upper social class as a dutiful, devoted wife and a zealous, dedicated mother to future children. However, she refused to give up her dream of becoming a nurse; she also claimed to have religious visions regarding an obligation to serve other in conformity with her reformist ideas of a woman going beyond her home and be an asset for service to humanity. She went ahead with her plans of taking up nursing despite opposition from her family because she had sincerely believed affluent young women should contribute more to society than just attend a series of afternoon tea parties as was customary at that time for wealthy English families. She had rejected several serious marriage proposals from different suitors who found her beautiful, witty, slender, and graceful. She thought marriage would seriously interfere with her plans of serving others through nursing. Florence Nightingale can be considered as one of the pioneers of the feminist movement as she rejected the traditional roles which a woman is supposed to do but instead charted her own path and destiny based on her convictions. She is generally considered as the founder of modern professional nursing as practiced today. Nursing before Florence Nightingale was not practiced professionally in the sense it had no set rules and regulations regarding how to treat patients properly for them to recover their health and wellness back soon enough; most hospitals were dirty and medical practices were likewise not very hygienic which was why many patients died in hospitals due to some infections instead of getting better. Florence Nightingale professionalized the art of nursing by implementing reforms in how nurses should conduct themselves and how to treat the patients. She found nursing to be the ideal vehicle by which to answer her calling of serving others as it is a basic service neglected by most government authorities and the medical industry. The

An Analysis on the Factors Affecting the Recent US Economic Growth Research Paper

An Analysis on the Factors Affecting the Recent US Economic Growth - Research Paper Example Since the degree of industrialization in the country is high, approximately 55% of its imports are crude oil (â€Å"The World Fact Book†). The economic prosperity of U.S. had declined to some extent during the oil price boom from 2001 to 2006 (â€Å"Recent U.S. Economic Growth†). The soaring prices of energy resources increased the cost of imports as well as industrialization in the nation. Moreover, the real estate sector of the nation was facing certain exuberances since the latter half of 2007 in U.S. (â€Å"The World Fact Book†). The real estate’s homes were traded for speculative purposes in the country. Over time, failure of some projects lead to severe crisis in the U.S. money market during 2008. The commercial banks were forced to offer to accept direct implicit bail outs and some of them like Lehman Brothers had collapsed due to severe financial crisis. The recession in 2008, had significantly lowered the economic growth of U.S. since the Great Depression. In order to set everything in the right state, the U.S. government in 2008 has decided to inject $700 billion in its market through the enactment of the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) (â€Å"Recent U.S. Economic Growth†). Some of these funds were utilized by the state federal government for purchasing equities of banks and some industrial corporations. In addition to that in 2009, under the guidance of President Barack Obama, the Federal government injected an additional sum of $787 billion in the U.S. economy (â€Å"The World Fact Book†). It was claimed that this fund was supposed to be allotted for financing the expansionary fiscal policies of the country from 2010 to 2011. The federal budget defici t measured in terms of percentage change in GDP in U.S. was 9% in 2011 but it decreased to a level of 7.6% in 2012 (â€Å"The World Fact Book†). This proves that there are some substantial reasons for which the economic status of U.S. has

Cultural Assimilation Essay Example for Free

Cultural Assimilation Essay With globalization and people’s living quality advancing dramatically, every year, American universities welcome tens of thousands of international students from all over the world. The land of freedom and justice has opened its doors to those who seek new options and better opportunities and sometimes it asks for certain changes and adjustments fir those who come to study aboard. When these international students pursues higher education in US, fulfilling their life experience and learning something new from American culture, they too bring with them elements of international experience to an American university. Taking up a considerable portion of student population in the university, international students face difficulties to assimilate with local students, particularly in terms of linguistic and cultural differences. International student struggles to become one with the world around him. Some popular cultural studies experts believed it is best for students from all over the world who come to the United States and lose their cultural identity and â€Å"melt† into or assimilate into the American culture. Assimilation occurs in many different ways in our universities, and it is unfortunately, a part of life that we all international students have to learn to accept, no matter the consequences. According to various critics, the process of assimilation occurs in two distinct forms: Language and Culture. My paper will demonstrate the distinction between these two types of assimilation, arguing that language assimilation is necessary, but cultural assimilation can be problematic or damaging. I, being an international student feel that most important aspect of assimilation that an international student faces is language. In American society, learning to speak English properly is a crucial factor and is a form of assimilation. However, people who have decided to come to America to study have found it rather difficult to assimilate into American society for several reasons. International students are forced into an English – speaking classroom and expected to assimilate to the local language with very little help of the educators. The educators are not be blame, the demand for teachers is extremely high and the teachers we have fill the gaps, whether they share a language with their students or not. Linguistic assimilation is important for international students but they should keep in mind that they should not completely melt in other language, which results in eradication of their cultural language. This situation is perfectly portrayed by Salman Rushdie in his essay â€Å"‘Commonwealth Literature’ doesn’t exist† that discusses the conflicts in India over the English language. Salman Rushdie in his essay â€Å"‘Commonwealth Literature’ doesn’t exist† discusses the conflicts in India over the English language. Some in India see English as the language of British imperialism and believe that it shouldn’t be used. Others disagree because the language that is proposed to replace English in everyday use is Hindi, which has strong connections to religion, which are not universally accepted. Rushdie states that this ideological divide is mostly between the north and south of India. He sums up his position by saying, â€Å"†¦it is completely fallacious to suppose that that there is such a thing as a pure, unalloyed tradition from which to draw† (pp. 2541). Rushdie believes that language is an essential part of expr essing culture. He explains that, though Indian and British literature are written in English but they are distinct from one another and that just because they share a common language doesn’t diminish the value of the Indian culture. Rushdie acknowledges the growing importance of global trade and that English is well suited to serve as its communication medium. There is essential technical and scientific vocabulary that is used regularly in international exchanges that have no analog in local languages, such as Hindi. He believes that India needs to continue to embrace English, in order to remain competitive in the global community. Rushdie’s idea of embracing language that is common in the society perfectly exemplifies that international students should embrace a common language which is common in the university in order to stay in competition with home students and communicate their ideas. I have personally experience this situation in my university. So, in order to express thoughts, we (international students) will have to learn a common medium of communication. But learning a different mode of communication should not result into extinction of their cultural language. Rushdie tries to portray that international students should not completely evaporate into the new language and forget about their own mother tongue. We should assimilate into new language but should always respect their cultural language more then other Languages, as according to him â€Å"language is an essential part of expressing culture†. Linguistic assimilation as Rushdie shows often comes from coercion and force from outside, but can be necessary for simple survival. This argument is perfectly exemplified by Ngugi Wa Thiong’o in his essay â€Å"Decolonizing the mind† (1986) who tells us of when he was a grade school student in Kenya. The British declared marshal law over the country in the middle of the last century and in an attempt to curb the rebellion and insurgency, they decreed that English was to the sole language spoken. Suddenly Ngugi had to learn English and couldn’t speak the language of his people at school. These experiences shaped Ngugi opinions about the role that language fills. He is of the opinion that language serves two distinct purposes. One is for communication (Pg. 3). He gives the example of how the different cultures in eastern Africa use Swahili to communication with among each other but use their own language when communicating among their own kind. The other role it fills is that of a medium to express ones culture. Different culture tailors different language to convey and pass down its traditions (Pg. 4). Ngugi argument about Language serves two distinct purposes is true for International students as they use â€Å"English† language as a common medium of communication whereas use their â€Å"mother tongue† as a medium of expressing their culture. â€Å"What a common language does for one person, it does for all society†, this is perfectly illuminated in an article from international journal on Minority and group rights. According to article, â€Å"Effective participation in politics as well as the market economy requires t he development of common vernacular expressions, the free flow of information, and established codes of communication. All of these exchanges are enhanced when individuals speak the same language†. The critic of the article, Chih-Yu Shih says that if fixed proportion of population does not speak the common language, the reach of the state and the market will, in turn, shrink. This is both because communication from one language to another can translate into different meanings and because different language structures themselves reflect diverse perspectives proportion of the population cannot speak the national language, the reach of the state and the market will, in turn, shrink. This is both because communication from one language to another can translate into different meanings and because different language structures themselves reflect diverse perspectives of modernity. To learn a different language is to learn a different lifestyle., international students will have to learn different languages in order to be in reach of state. International Students studying and competing with the local will need to communicate with them, which is only possible if they have a common mode of language. So, in order to remain in touch with the local students and professor, students will have to learn language, which is common. After going through the essays of Rushdie’s, Ngugie and Chih-Yu Shih, we could say that language assimilation makes sense but authors like Ada Maria Isasi-Diaz and Richard Rodriguez says that cultural assimilation is also important. They think that cultural assimilation is very important part of linguistic assimilation as â€Å"Language express cultural†. According to them, one’s traditions such as cultural traditions also have an effect on the willingness and on the degree to which one assimilates. Few international students have found that certain customs like social behaviors which may surprise, offend or offend others; eating food which may seem heavy or bland compared have not been accepted in American culture and might even be condemned. A student who has different traditions than Americans may be frowned upon and may be discriminated against because of the difference. I had experienced this situation as I was discriminated in my folklore class by my follow student. After experiencing this, a question came in my mind that why on a practical level it’s useful to assimilate but on an ethical level, it’s questionable? Sacrificing one’s traditions is a problematic concept even if it means that someone could blend into mainstream culture. International students will have to stick to there own cultures and tradition while assimilating. But this is not the case every time! Some students while assimilating forget about his own cultures and traditions and easil y jolt into others cultures. Ada Maria Isasi-Diaz states a similar situation in her essay â€Å"Hispanics in America†. She reveals the social position of the Hispanics in American society. She says that instead of letting Hispanics follow their own culture and traditions, they are forced to follow the lifestyles of Americans. As only an â€Å"American way of life† existed, Hispanics had to follow the same path of that of the white folks, but also were rarely competing with the dominating white race. Though the Hispanics are the biggest minority group in American society today, their native language and other cultural aspects were scornfully ignored according to Isasi-Diaz, which made assimilation a difficult task for Hispanics. Similarly argument is state by Richard Rodriguez who discusses about culture in America. Rodriguez says, â€Å"I am in favor of assimilation. I am not in favor of assimilation. I recognize assimilation. By making these statements, Rodriguez is saying that he accepts what is happening in regards to culture in America. While he isnt completely for or against what is goin g on, and he isn’t even trying to change it, he is accepting it and working with it. While saying this he doesn’t mean that racial and ethnic distinctions do not matter anymore in America, he thinks that differences are becoming a part of everyday life and they are just so common now that it really isnt such a big deal†. In this essay, Rodriguez states, â€Å"I do think distinctions exist.† Throughout the rest of the essay, Rodriguez goes into great detail of how he understands distinctions exist and how it is changing America. So, this is evident from both the essay that international students will have to blend into America culture in order to compete with American folks in the universities. But blending should not mean that completely giving up their original culture. It means that assimilating into different culture with maintaining the same love for original culture. In conclusion, it is wise to note that both forms of assimilation is adopted by international assimilation in some or the other way. Few international students have over years adopted their â€Å"host† culture’s language, while maintaining their own traditions, customs and values. This common form of communication can also present more opportunities for cross-cultural understanding. International students get to learn many things if they can communicate in a common language. In terms of bilingual education: bilingual education provides the opportunity for a student to use the language that they have grown up with in school while learning another. This permits the student to retain and embrace their language and by extension the culture associated with it. As an old Czech proverb states, â€Å"learn a new language and get a new soul†.